Faḍl: God's favor, given rather than earned
The word covers every good thing that arrives without being deserved. A person who remembers clearly what they were before a change knows they did not build that change, and the qualities they might now claim came in with it. Starting the account there means nothing later has to be defended as self-made.
Tawfīq: God's help that makes a good act possible
The term names the help that lets a good act happen at all. Long stretches of hard work can look like proof of one's own grit, since the sweat was certainly there. Under this reading the energy, the opening, and the stubbornness to keep going all came with the gift, so the work felt more like carrying something handed over than making it from scratch.
Shukr: gratitude that shows in use
Al-Ghazali's own phrase for thanks is putting a gift to the purpose it was given for. A gift can sit unopened for years while the person who got it stays exactly as they were. Someone who spends themselves on the strength of what they received is thanking the giver in the plainest way available.
ʿUjb: being pleased with your own good deeds
The word names the quiet glow a person feels over their own record. Anyone who has out-worked the people around them will feel it show up, usually right after the work goes well. A person can state the size of what they did honestly and still hand the credit back, because once you start counting your own deeds the gift begins to feel like a wage you are owed.
No power and no strength except by God: the doing is not ours
People repeat this line of the Prophet's through an ordinary day, often in the middle of hard effort. It does not deny the effort; the hands still move and the hours still ache. Ownership is the only thing that shifts, so a person can finish something enormous and feel less like its author and more like someone who was helped the whole way through.