Khamā: Pardon
Khamā is the release of a wrong held against someone. The punishment inflicted by the many has already done its work, and keeping it in force one more week turns a correction into a life sentence. Cancel it out loud, the way a debt stays on the books until the lender says plainly that it is cleared.
Karuṇā: Compassion
Karuṇā is the heart's movement toward someone in pain. Comfort here means a hand on the shoulder of a man who is already beaten down, so the warmth of it counts as much as the verdict behind it. A pardon handed over coldly leaves him standing outside the door he has just been told he may enter.
Kukkucca: Gnawing remorse
Kukkucca is regret that keeps circling instead of settling. Excessive sorrow closes over a man's head like water, and from under it he cannot hear that the door has been opened again. Remorse is useful for about as long as it takes to turn around, and past that it only pulls the swimmer down.
Paṭikamma: Making amends
Paṭikamma is the repair a person offers after a fault. Amends finish only when someone receives them, so a man who has owned his wrong and taken his discipline is left holding something he cannot put down until the assembly takes it from his hands. Both sides grow in that exchange, the one who mends and the one who accepts.
Sāmaggī: Concord of the community
Sāmaggī is the unbroken agreement of a gathered group. A congregation that puts a member out and never brings him back keeps a wound open in its own body, and Paul, writing from a distance to people still sore from the whole affair, is asking them to close it. Harmony shows up in one plain fact: whether the man they excluded is sitting among them again.