Dāna: Giving
Dāna is the act of giving itself. Coins set aside in Corinth for believers going hungry in Jerusalem are this in its plainest form: something held is opened, and a stranger across the sea eats. The weight of such an act rests on the hand that opens more than on the size of the pile, which is why so much care goes into how the collection gets gathered.
Sacca: Truthfulness
Sacca is the word that holds. A gift "promised before" was pledged months earlier in a warm room with others listening, and the brothers travel ahead partly so that pledge does not quietly dissolve into good intentions. Whoever keeps one small word about money becomes someone whose larger words can be trusted.
Pubbacetanā: The gladness before giving
Pubbacetanā is the state of mind in the days leading up to a gift. Sending men ahead so the sum stands ready is care for exactly that stretch of time: weeks in which to grow glad about it, rather than a plate passed under the eyes of a waiting apostle. A gift decided early has time to rise like dough left overnight; one produced on the spot yields only relief that the moment has passed.
Cāga: Open-handedness
Cāga is the settled willingness to release. "Ready as a matter of generosity" means the letting go has already happened inwardly, so the handing over is the last small step and costs nothing further. The hand is open before anyone walks through the door and asks.
Macchariya: Stinginess
Macchariya is the grip that will not loosen. Pressure squeezes a purse instead of opening it, and a gift given "of greediness" is money surrendered because the whole room is watching while the fist inside stays closed. The same coins travel to Jerusalem, and the giver stays behind holding resentment where generosity could have been. Arranging the collection early spares people this by removing the one thing that forces a hand: haste.