Dhamma: The standard that holds regardless
Dhamma is the norm that stands whether or not anyone keeps it. Righteousness sits wholly on one side and confusion of face on the other, and Daniel presses no claim to shift anything across. A plumb line stays straight while the wall leans, and the leaning is news about the wall.
Kamma: Deed and its fruit
Kamma is action bearing its own result. Being driven out through all the countries looks like a sentence handed down from above, and it is also the shape the trespass took once it had room to grow. Seed and harvest belong to the same field, and Judah is standing in the crop it sowed.
Hiri: Shame at one's own wrongdoing
Hiri is the inward burn at what one has done. Confusion of face is the body reporting the matter before any argument does: the flush, the dropped eyes, the difficulty of looking straight at someone you have wronged. Held rightly it works as a guard rather than a wound, the thing that keeps the deed from happening twice.
Saṃvega: The shock that moves you
Saṃvega is the jolt that turns a person toward practice. "As it is today" comes from a man who has looked hard at the ruined city and the counted years and then gone to fasting and ashes instead of looking away. Grief can settle into paralysis; this kind stays on its feet and walks as far as prayer.
Accaya: A fault called by its own name
Accaya is the offense a person owns outright. "Their trespass that they have trespassed" rounds nothing down and hands nothing off to Babylon or to hard times. Growth in the noble discipline begins right here: see the offense as an offense, say so plainly, and hold the line afterward.
Mettā: Goodwill with no boundary
Mettā is warmth sent out with no circle drawn around it. Those near and those far off, in every country they were scattered to, come into one prayer, and the old formula for goodwill uses that same reach: beings dwelling far or near, none dropped from the list. Daniel stands among the guilty and says "us" where he could easily have said "them."