Pāra: The Far Shore
Pāra is the bank on the other side of the water. Israel stands with a river ahead and forty years of wandering behind, so the crossing is one act that changes where the rest of a life gets lived. Nobody gets over by staring at the current and wishing it gone; the water is crossed by walking into it.
Dhammadāyāda: Heir to the Teaching
Dhammadāyāda is one who inherits a teaching rather than goods. Land arrives here from another's hand, houses standing and vines already planted, and the instruction Moses gives alongside it is the part of the estate that can be lost. An heir who forgets where the fields came from still holds the deed and has let go of the better half of the gift.
Nīvaraṇa: The Hindrances
The hindrances are five forces that press on the mind from every side. Enemies "around you" is a ring of camps outside a walled town, and while that ring holds, nobody plows the far field or sleeps through the night. Rest comes when the siege breaks up, not when the walls are built thicker.
Passaddhi: Tranquility
Passaddhi is the settling of body and mind after long strain. Rest is given here rather than seized, and a mind braced for years releases the same way: shoulders dropping once a heavy pack is finally set down. Nothing is added in that moment, the holding simply stops.
Khema: Safety
Khema is the secure place where nothing is coming for you. To dwell in safety is to sleep with the door unbarred, done watching the horizon for dust, no longer living out of a pack. The old teachers used this same word as a name for the goal, which makes safety the destination and not the weather along the road.
Appamāda: Heedfulness
Appamāda is care that does not lapse. Comfort is exactly where carelessness starts, the way a farmer quits locking the gate after one quiet year. The commands that follow are aimed at people who have already stopped worrying, since a settled house is the easiest place to forget whose hand gave the ground.