Mīthāq: The agreement every soul made with God before birth
The Quran tells of God asking every soul, before time, whether he was their Lord, and all of them saying yes. Anyone who has been shown something undeniable knows the seeing does not vanish; it goes quiet and slips under the noise of the day. Later that yes can feel like a name on the tip of your tongue, still with you, hard to reach.
Ghafla: Heedlessness
Heedlessness names the slow slide away from God, and Sufis treat it as the everyday danger. Nobody decides to forget what they once saw; the days pile up, work crowds in, and the memory thins out. Drift does the damage, and it moves quietly enough that a person spots it only long after it began.
They forgot God, so God made them forget themselves: losing hold of him costs you your own self
This line from the Quran ties two losses together. Someone who stops keeping God in mind gradually loses the thread of who they are, what they promised, and why any of it mattered. Guarding your own soul and remembering God turn out to be one task, carried out at the same time.
Murāqaba: Watchfulness
Al-Ghazali puts watchfulness, a quiet and steady check on what is going on inside you, at the center of daily life. A person can hold a conviction for twenty years without ever looking at it, then find it hollow the first time it is tested. Regular attention catches small shifts early, the way you can tell a friend is pulling away before they say so.
Dhikr: Remembrance
Remembrance means keeping God's name on your tongue and in your mind, over and over. Conviction fades on its own unless something keeps touching it, and a strong feeling from years ago will not carry anyone far. The repeating keeps a heart in contact with what it once knew, on ordinary days when nothing at all is happening.
Silsila: The chain that hands the teaching on
Sufis pass their practice down a chain, teacher to student, generation after generation. Something kept private tends to die with the person holding it. Handing it on means putting it into words and living it where others can watch, which is also what keeps it alive in the one who passes it along.