Uposatha: The Observance Day of Restraint
Uposatha is restraint fixed to the calendar. The seventh year is that same shape stretched from a day to a year: the plow stays in the shed because the count of years says so. Generosity that waits on a good mood comes rarely; generosity written into the calendar comes on time.
Santuṭṭhi: Contentment
Santuṭṭhi is knowing that a portion is enough. Six harvests have already filled the storehouse, and only a farmer who can say so will let the seventh stand where it grew. The vineyard and the olive grove go the same way, and those are the crops that make a household comfortable, so contentment gets tested on the wine and the oil before it is tested on bread. Whoever cannot call six enough will find a good reason to plow again next spring.
Cāga: Relinquishment
Cāga is the open hand kept as a settled habit. Here the grain stands where it grew, and whoever is hungry walks in and takes it, owing thanks to nobody in particular. Releasing a claim feeds people more cleanly than a handout does, since a handout keeps the giver standing over the one receiving.
Karuṇā: Compassion
Karuṇā is the heart moving toward another's hardship. A people barely out of Egypt, who know exactly what an empty stomach feels like, are told to keep the field open for those still living that way. Compassion carries furthest when it is remembered from the inside rather than pictured from a full table.
Mettā: Goodwill Toward Every Living Thing
Mettā is warmth held out without sorting beings into worthy and unworthy. The line of eaters runs from the poor, to whatever the poor leave, and then out to the animals of the field, who come last and are counted in anyway. A standing field makes no distinction about who walks into it, which is the reach mettā trains toward. Care usually stops at the edge of one's own people; this harvest is arranged to carry past even the edge of one's own species.