Sati: Remembering
Sati holds what happened without letting it slip out of view. Being told to remember comes at the end of a long recital: the abandoned infant taken in, washed, clothed in fine linen, then unfaithful with every passerby. Memory works here like a mirror you finally stop turning away from, keeping the deeds steady in front of you long enough to see their whole shape.
Hiri: Conscience
Hiri is the inward shame that recoils from one's own doing. Shame arrives last, after the pardon has already been spoken, so it lands on someone safe rather than someone cornered, and that is what makes it usable. It burns like the flush that rises when you see plainly what you did to a friend who has just let it go, and that heat is what keeps the hand from doing it again.
Kukkucca: Gnawing remorse
Kukkucca is the churning regret that keeps chewing over what is finished. Being confounded can curdle into this, replaying the old betrayals night after night and calling the replay repentance, which stirs the mind so much that nothing gets changed. A wound picked at every day never closes, while shame that has finished its work sets the deed down and lets you stand up.
Khamā: Forgiveness
Khamā is the pardon that clears a fault once it is owned. "When I have forgiven you all that you have done" comes first in the order of causes, since a debt already cancelled is the only kind you can look at squarely. Among the monks the pattern is plain: the fault is spoken aloud, the other says it is accepted, and nobody reopens the account afterward.
Māna: Conceit
Māna is the habit of sizing yourself against others, better, worse, or the same. A mouth that never opens again has stopped arguing its case, stopped setting its record beside Sodom's and Samaria's, stopped needing to come out ahead of anyone in the room. The silence is not defeat; it is the ease of having nothing left to defend about who you have been.