Piyehi vippayogo: Separation from what is dear
One of the plain shapes suffering takes. The desire of his eyes was taken at a stroke, and the temple every exile still leans toward is going the same way. Whatever is held close is held on loan, and the turban stays on the head because the loan has come due in public, for everyone at once.
Saṃvega: The shock that wakes urgency
A jolt at seeing how things stand. Sandals stay on the feet and hands stay off the head, since the blow has landed somewhere the mourning customs cannot reach. A person struck this hard goes quiet the way a room goes quiet when bad news arrives, and that silence, turned toward the truth of what happened, is where practice starts.
Salla: The dart
Grief lodged in the mind like an arrow. Weeping draws a little of it out, so with weeping forbidden the shaft stays where it fell and works inward behind a composed face. The loss itself is the first wound and this lodged ache is the second, and holding still does nothing to loosen the point.
Upāyāsa: Despair
The wasting that sets in when sorrow has nowhere to go. Pining away burns slowly, so the mourner keeps eating and keeps walking while thinning from the inside like a tree hollowed out while it still stands. Carried this way, a loss goes on feeding on the one who carries it, and years pass with the wound no smaller.
Kamma: Deeds and their ripening
Actions bear their own fruit in time. Pining away happens in their iniquities, which means the wasting grows from soil they turned themselves, and the ruin arriving is a harvest coming in on schedule. Moaning toward one another, each hears their own account read back in a neighbor's voice, and the same law bringing this crop in will carry whatever gets planted after it.