ʿIlm al-muʿāmala: Knowledge meant to be practiced
Al-Ghazali's name for learning that exists to be acted on rather than stored. Learning of that kind goes stale when it sits unused, and the person holding it drifts backward without noticing. Years pass, the words stay accurate, and the life behind them has not moved an inch.
Dhawq: Taste
Dhawq is knowing something from the inside because you have been through it, the way you know how salt tastes. Being able to repeat a teaching correctly proves nothing about whether any of it has entered you. Someone can have every answer ready and still be waiting for the first one to land in them.
Ghurūr: Being fooled about yourself
Ghurūr is al-Ghazali's word for a flattering self-picture, and he put learned people first among those it catches. A person counts the years spent near a teaching and assumes they add up to growth. Being handed the beginner's lesson again stings for that reason: the picture was comfortable and wrong.
Maqām: Station
A maqām is a place on the road you have taken and can hold, earned rather than borrowed. Knowing what the next stage looks like puts nobody one step closer to standing in it. A person can explain patience in detail and still lose their temper over nothing, which shows where they are standing.
Ṣuḥba: Keeping company with a teacher
Ṣuḥba is learning by staying close to someone further along, which is how the path has always been handed on. Going back to being taught, after years of assuming you were past that, feels like a demotion. Most people who start moving again do it by sitting back down among the beginners and letting someone correct them.