Sāvaka: Hearer
Sāvaka, the ordinary word for a disciple, names someone by their ear. The tongue of those who are taught comes second; the ear is opened first, and the tongue passes on what was put into it, the way a pipe carries water it did not make. Anyone speaking to worn-out exiles has nothing of their own to hand over, which is why the gift begins with listening.
Jāgariyānuyoga: Devotion to wakefulness
Wakefulness kept up as a daily discipline. Morning by morning the ear needs waking again, because yesterday's hearing keeps no better than manna and cannot be stored against the person met today. The sleep being broken is the ordinary dullness that lets a familiar teaching go past unheard, so the waking has to be done fresh each day.
Karuṇā: Compassion
Karuṇā is the heart moving toward someone in pain. Weariness is the condition addressed here, a people worn thin by exile who can take in only a little at a time, and the trained tongue is aimed straight at them. Compassion settles what all that training is for; without it the same skill produces a fine speaker who leaves tired people more tired.
Piyavācā: Kindly speech
Piyavācā, kindly speech, is one of the four ways of drawing people together. Sustaining is a feeding word: the weary are held up by speech the way a body is held up by bread, and the taught tongue is trained toward that plain use. Sharp words, clever words and true but crushing words all fail the test, since the one measure is whether the hearer can stand up afterward.
Kālaññutā: Knowing the right time
Kālaññutā, a mark of a good person, is knowing the moment for a thing. Knowing how to sustain is practical knowledge of timing as much as of content, since the same true sentence steadies a person at dawn and flattens them at midnight. The ear woken each morning learns this too: how much this one can carry now, and when sitting quietly beside them sustains better than any word.