Ṣabr: Patience
Ṣabr is holding steady while nothing seems to be moving. Being treated badly with no relief in sight sends the mind hunting for exits: hit back, quit, settle the score yourself. Patience keeps a person in place and doing their ordinary work, so the pressure passes through without deciding who they become.
Tawakkul: Trusting God with the outcome
Tawakkul is doing your part and leaving the rest to God. Someone waiting on justice can burn whole days rehearsing what they would do if they had the power to fix it. Trust marks the line: the work in front of you is yours, the timing is not, and the outcome can be set down.
The best worship is waiting for relief: the waiting itself counts
A saying of the Prophet gives the empty stretch that weight. Waiting usually feels like dead time before life restarts, so people spend it half present and quietly resentful. Counted as worship, the months of holding on become the work itself, and none of those days are wasted.
A delayed gift is no cause for despair: God chooses the time
Ibn Ata Allah wrote that for people who had asked and asked with nothing coming back. Silence gets filled in with a verdict: no one is listening, or I was never worth an answer. His line moves the question from whether to when, which lets someone keep asking without bitterness setting in.
Riḍā: Contentment with God's arrangement
Riḍā is settling into God's arrangement instead of fighting it. Someone kept waiting while the people who wronged them do well runs a constant argument about how unfair the timing is. Contentment quiets that argument by trusting who holds the schedule, and most of the relief comes from the arguing stopping.
Shawq: Longing for God
Shawq is missing someone you love and expect to see again. Al-Ghazali counts it among the states that keep a long wait from going cold. Waiting for a person feels different from waiting for an event, and that difference carries people through years of it.