ʿUbūdiyya: Servanthood
Ibn Arabi calls servanthood the highest place a person can stand. Under pressure to justify yourself, the quick move is to claim the work as your own, and a servant has no such claim. The pressure finds nothing to grip, and they can answer calmly, since losing the credit costs them nothing.
Mushāhada: Witnessing
Sufis use the word for seeing God firsthand rather than on someone else's word. A person living this way watches before moving, so their timing comes from what stands in front of them instead of their own hurry. They do the next thing because they saw it, the way you hand someone a tool when you see they need it.
The heart is a mirror: a clean one shows whatever stands before it
Al-Ghazali returns to this image constantly, and his point is that a mirror adds nothing of its own. Dust and rust are the only reasons it gives back a false picture, so the work goes into grudges, showing off, the need to win. A cleaned heart gives back what stands in front of it, without twisting it.
You did not throw when you threw, but God threw: the deed is yours, the power is not
The Quran says this to the Prophet after he threw a handful of dust in a battle. Both halves stand: his arm moved, and the force that made it land came from elsewhere. Someone challenged about what they have done can say the same thing honestly, without boasting and without denying they acted.
I become the hearing he hears with and the sight he sees with: closeness makes God the one at work
God speaks these words in a saying of the Prophet, about the servant who keeps drawing near through small, steady devotion. Such a person still moves their own hands and speaks in their own voice. The patience in them comes from past their own supply, which is why it holds when they are being accused.
Takhalluq bi-akhlāq Allāh: Carrying God's qualities at human size
Al-Ghazali uses this for the qualities a servant picks up by keeping close company with God. Mercy shows up as patience with someone slow; generosity shows up in what a person gives away without a fuss. Anyone who keeps watching what God does begins to move the same way, and the family resemblance shows in their actions, not their claims.