Diṭṭhi: Fixed view
An opinion gripped as though it were the truth itself. "Wasn't this what I said" sits at the center of the prayer, a man who bought passage to Tarshish mainly to keep his forecast of ruin from being spoiled. It is the gambler still insisting on his number after the wheel has stopped: Nineveh stands whole, and the argument continues anyway.
Byāpāda: Ill will
The wish that harm come to someone. Underneath the polite "Please, Yahweh" runs a preference for a city in ashes, so that mercy toward a hundred and twenty thousand strangers arrives as a personal insult. Ill will likes to hide inside a complaint about fairness, the way a grudge dresses itself up as principle.
Karuṇā: Compassion
The heart moving toward what hurts. Relenting of harm follows from having already gone toward Nineveh's fear and its sackcloth, closer to the trembling than to the record. Compassion never stops to check whether the sufferer earned the suffering, which is why a prophet hoping for a fair sentence found the outcome unbearable.
Khanti: Patient endurance
Being wronged and staying steady. Slow to anger is a long fuse, forty days allowed to run their course with the listening kept open the whole way. Jonah's fuse is short by comparison: one sermon preached, one result he disliked, and within a day he is arguing on a hillside about a plant.
Mettā: Loving kindness
Goodwill with no one left out. Abundant is exactly the trouble, since abundance spills past his own country and washes up in the capital of the empire that terrorized it. Boundless warmth has no border where it agrees to stop, and knowing this before he ever bought his ticket is why he ran west.
Muditā: Gladness at another's good fortune
Joy when things go well for someone else. A whole city is spared and the man who preached to it can only assemble a case against the sparing. The gladness was right there and went untouched; the same news came through as good fortune to Nineveh and as grievance to the one who delivered it.