Love of the world is the head of every fault: the one thing that holds a person back
The Sufis repeat this line constantly, and their point is that most faults grow from a single root. Someone can keep every rule, be admired for it, and still have one attachment quietly running them. The lack shows up not in what they have done but in what they cannot hand over.
Zuhd: Holding the world loosely
Zuhd names a loosened grip, and the loosening happens inside before anything leaves your hands. A person can give everything away and still ache for it, and another can own plenty and not flinch when it goes. The moment someone is asked for the one thing they were counting on, they find out where they had been resting.
Īthār: Putting others ahead of yourself
Īthār means parting with what you still need yourself. Giving from the extra costs nothing and changes nothing inside; giving from the middle of your own supply is felt. When it goes that deep, another person is fed and the giver's hold comes undone at the same time.
Tawakkul: Trust in God's provision
Tawakkul means leaning your weight on God for what you need. A tight grip usually comes from one fear: if this goes, nobody catches me. Trust builds slowly, as a person watches themselves still standing after the thing they leaned on is gone.
God has bought from the believers their selves and their wealth: the handover is a trade
The Quran describes it as a purchase, with a price paid on both sides. That framing changes how the giving feels from inside: less like being stripped, more like a swap. A person who counts only what leaves feels robbed, and a person who sees both sides feels they came out ahead.
Ṣuḥba: Keeping company with a guide
Ṣuḥba means steady company with someone further along the road. The Sufis held that the inner life moves mainly through nearness to a person who already lives it. Emptying the hands was only the first half of the request, and the second half was walking beside someone.