Upādāna: Clinging
The one thing he lacks is the willingness to let go of everything he holds. His hands are full of possessions, and full hands cannot take hold of the path in front of them. Sell whatever you have is the instruction to open the grip, since the wealth was never the problem, only the clutching.
Dāna: Generosity
Give to the poor turns a locked storehouse into a moving stream. Generosity is the practice that pries the fingers loose one gift at a time, and the man is told to start by pouring out toward those who have nothing. The giving reads as loss and lands as the first free breath after holding the treasure too tight.
Nekkhamma: Renunciation
Go thy way, sell whatsoever thou hast, and come is the call to walk out the door lighter than you entered. Renunciation lays down the heavy pack because the road climbs and the load was slowing him, no penalty in it at all. Follow me is possible only for a man who has freed his hands.
Karuṇā: Compassion
Jesus beholding him loved him, and the whole hard instruction comes from that look. Compassion tells the difficult truth because it wants the man free, the way a friend points out the stone in your shoe. The love is not soft on the demand; it is the reason for it.