Māna: Conceit
Conceit is the habit of measuring yourself against others. Hours earlier, among the rest at the table, he had set himself above them: they might all fall away, he would not. A boast weighed on your own scale always comes out heavier than it is, and this one weighs nothing once a servant girl by a charcoal fire asks a simple question.
Bhayāgati: Going wrong through fear
Fear is one of the four ways a person leaves the straight road, along with liking, dislike, and confusion. Nobody drags him into the denial; there is only a fire to stand at, a face turned toward him, and a remark about his accent. Fear does its work by narrowing the room until the lie looks like the only door out.
Sati: Remembering
Sati is holding something in view and keeping it retrievable. A farmyard bird at dawn does the work: the second crow lands and the sentence spoken the night before comes back whole. Nothing new arrives; the words were already his, sunk out of sight until a sound brought them up, the way a warning you brushed off returns the instant the thing it warned of happens.
Hiri: Moral shame
Hiri is self-respect recoiling from your own conduct, and its twin, ottappa, dreads where such conduct leads. No one in the courtyard has accused him, the crowd has moved on, and the charge stands entirely between him and what he knows he said. That heat in the face when you catch your own reflection after doing something small and cowardly is what breaks him open, and tears of that kind are a good sign, the pain of a conscience still working.
Accaya: A fault owned as a fault
Accaya is a transgression, and the response asked for is to see it plainly and make repair. Weeping is where that begins: he does not thin the three denials down to a misunderstanding or hand the blame to the fire, the girl, the hour. Owning it that way counts as growth in the training, and the man breaking down at the sound of a rooster stands nearer the path than the one who made promises at the table.