Ghaḍḍ al-baṣar: Lowering the gaze
The Quran asks believers to lower their gaze, which the Sufis took as care with the first stirring of wanting. Something catches you and the pull feels small, small enough to look once more. Each further look feeds it, and what could have been dropped in a second becomes something you wrestle with for weeks.
Khawāṭir: The stray thoughts that arrive on their own
Al-Ghazali traced the road from a passing thought to a deed: it arrives, you linger, you lean toward it, you decide, you act. At the first step it weighs nothing and fades on its own if left alone. A few steps on you are no longer choosing, only explaining to yourself why you were always going to do it.
Mujāhada: Going against your own pull
Giving up something you enjoy hurts most on the day you give it up, which is why al-Ghazali gave a whole book to breaking the appetites. People wait for the wanting to fade first so the cut will be painless. That wait never ends, because a want only shrinks once it stops being fed.
Wara': Staying clear of the borderline
Wara' means leaving something allowed because it sits too close to something forbidden. Most people draw their line at the wrong act itself and then live right against that line, so one bad hour is enough to cross it. Dropping the harmless-looking thing that leads there, the app, the route home, the late-night message, leaves room so the fight never reaches the edge.
Call yourself to account before you are called to account: the reckoning is done now, by you
Umar spoke that line and the Sufis have repeated it ever since. Weighing a small loss against a much larger one is ordinary arithmetic, like paying a fee to avoid a fine. A craving feels enormous in the moment and small two days later, and doing the math honestly brings it back to its size.