Karuṇā: Compassion
Karuṇā is the wish to relieve suffering, the impulse that moves toward another's pain rather than away from it. The centurion is not here for himself: a servant of his is paralyzed and in distress, and that fact is what put him on the road to find Jesus. In Buddhist teaching, karuṇā is one of the four boundless qualities of heart, and it functions as a kind of fuel, keeping a person moving through uncertainty and effort until help is actually given. The centurion's whole speech rests on this foundation.
Māna: Conceit
Māna is the measuring mind, the constant habit of sizing up the self against others as higher, equal, or lower. A Roman centurion had every social license to assert rank when addressing a Jewish traveling teacher. He opens by acknowledging that he himself is under authority, which dismantles the comparison before it can form. In Buddhist teaching, conceit is one of the ten fetters that keep the mind bound, and its loosening here is what makes the centurion's approach possible: he can see clearly because he is not busy defending a position.
Yoniso Manasikāra: Wise Reflection
Yoniso manasikāra is the practice of attending to things the right way, following the actual grain of cause and effect. The centurion argues from neither scripture nor precedent: he reasons from what he already knows in his bones, that he gives a command and the command is obeyed. He takes that lived knowledge and extends it to Jesus, recognizing the same structure of authority at work in a different domain. Buddhist teaching calls this kind of reasoned inference from experience "wise attention" because it moves from surface appearance to the underlying pattern, and the conclusion it reaches is proportionate to the evidence.
Saddhā: Confident Faith
Saddhā is confidence that results from clear reasoning rather than from pressure or habit. The centurion has already done the work (that is the function of yoniso manasikāra), and what he arrives at is a trust so complete it needs nothing added: Jesus's word will be enough. A seed and its fruit: the wise reflection is the seed, and this confident trust is what grows from it. This is exactly what Jesus names when he says he has not found such faith in Israel, trust that requires no further confirmation because the reasoning behind it is already sound.