Māna: Conceit
Conceit is the habit of measuring yourself against others. The pedigree just recited, circumcised the eighth day, tribe of Benjamin, a Pharisee, is a shelf of trophies polished over years, and every item on it says I stand higher. Counting that shelf as loss empties the one place where the self had been keeping score.
Sīlabbata-parāmāsa: Grasping at rules and observances
Taking the observance itself for the destination is this fetter. Blamelessness under the law was earned honestly, yet leaning on that record to stand right with God is like mistaking the map for the road. The map can be set down without the road going anywhere.
Ādīnava: Seeing the drawback
Ādīnava is the downside that surfaces in a thing once you look at it steadily. The pedigree did not change when it became refuse, the seeing did, the way last night's feast looks different as it is scraped off the plates in the morning. Once the drawback is plain, letting go stops being a sacrifice and becomes the obvious move.
Nekkhamma: Renunciation
Renunciation is the gladness of putting a load down. Suffering the loss of all things sounds like being robbed, and much of it was: prison, beatings, a home community turned hostile. Anyone who has carried a heavy pack for miles knows the moment the straps come off, and once the losses are counted, that lightness is what remains.
Ñāṇadassana: Knowing and seeing
Ñāṇadassana is knowing that comes from direct seeing rather than from report. The excellency of the knowledge here is not a finer set of doctrines about the Lord, it is the difference between reading a recipe and tasting the dish. Anything held at arm's length can be traded away without much pain, while the tasting cannot be handed over secondhand, which is why it outweighs the whole ledger.