Taṇhā: Craving
Taṇhā is thirst. Whole nations tip her cup back and set it down still parched, which is why they reach for it again; salt water on a hot day works the same way. The trade routes stay busy because no one who drinks here ever arrives at enough.
Āsava: The intoxicants that seep through the mind
Āsava borrows its name from fermented liquor. Wine goes down easily and does its work from the inside, so the drinker keeps their hands and their ledger while losing their judgment. Nobody staggers on the first cup, which is why the whole earth is willing to drink.
Pamāda: Heedlessness
Pamāda is the drunkenness itself, the mind gone slack about what matters. Drunk on her cup, the nations cannot see the hour coming, and the kings least of all, since being flattered in her bed feels like security. Someone asleep at the wheel still has both hands on it.
Kāmaguṇa: The five strands of sense pleasure
Kāmaguṇa covers the pleasing sights, sounds, smells, tastes and touches that tie the mind down. Her luxury is that whole inventory laid out like a shop window at night: gold, silk, spice, ivory. Calling the coupling immorality points past the bedroom to the bond, one hand on the goods and no wish to let go.
Lobha: Greed
Lobha is the grasp that closes. Merchants grow rich on her abundance, and the growth is the snare: each shipload funds the next, until the wealth becomes a reason to defend the city instead of leaving it. Their weeping in the smoke later is grief over lost cargo.
Ādīnava: The danger folded into what tastes good
Ādīnava is the drawback that comes packaged with the pleasure. Wrath arrives in the same cup as the wine, mixed in before the first sip, the way a baited hook comes with the meal attached. Seeing that much is what lets a person set the cup down while the party is still going.