Jāh: The pull toward standing well in other people's eyes
Al-Ghazali counts this hunger for rank among the last appetites to leave a person. Someone admired for their faith can start living off the admiration, the way a shop coasts on its good name. Praise keeps arriving whether or not anything is happening inside, so a person ends up guarding the picture others hold of them.
Riyāʾ: Doing good so that people will see it
The Prophet warned that showing off is a hidden form of idol worship. Work done for an audience looks exactly like work done for God, so years can pass with nobody catching the difference. The person doing it misses it too, and a full calendar of service ends up holding nothing.
Feeling no sorrow over the good you have dropped is a sign the heart has died: numbness is the warning
Ibn Ata Allah points at the symptom rather than the sin. A person can keep every outward habit and still feel nothing when they skip what once mattered, and nothing after doing wrong. That flatness can sit under a life that looks fine from every side, and everyone nearby keeps calling it health.
Worship God as though you see Him, and if you do not see Him, He sees you: one watcher is always there
The Prophet gave this answer when asked what excellence in religion means. Reputation depends on whoever happens to be looking, and a crowd only ever grades the outside. Under a gaze that goes further, the applause shrinks to its proper size and a person can tell themselves the truth about where they stand.
Muḥāsabah: Taking honest stock of yourself
Al-Ghazali compares it to a merchant sitting down with the books at the end of the day. Someone doing this stops taking other people's word for how they are doing and counts for themselves. The gap between the name a person carries and what stands behind it becomes visible to the one person who can do anything about it.