Rayn: The film that settles over the heart
The Quran names a residue that builds on a heart from what it keeps choosing. No one feels it arrive; each small refusal to be moved leaves a thin layer, and layers do not announce themselves. From the inside the dullness feels like calm, or like maturity, so almost nobody thinks to look for it.
Tawḥīd al-afʿāl: Every event traced back to God
Sufis push oneness past belief into the plain question of who is doing what happens. A person can affirm God and still run their week as though gains and losses came only from luck, markets, and other people. Once someone holds that God acts, each thing that happens starts to feel meant rather than random.
Khawf wa rajāʾ: Fear and hope
Al-Ghazali treats these as two wings, and a bird with one wing only goes in circles. Someone who expects nothing from God stops reaching for anything, and someone who dreads nothing from God stops holding anything back. Both gone at once leaves a life that is neither cruel nor eager, only managed, and the person feels steady rather than empty.
Istidrāj: Being drawn on by degrees
The tradition warns that a smooth run of good years can be rope paid out rather than reward. Nothing goes wrong, so a person reads the quiet as approval and stops asking whether the way they live holds up. The danger sits inside the comfort, because comfort takes away the one thing that used to make them look.
If you do not see Him, He sees you: nothing inside stays private
The Prophet described worship done as if you could see God, since He sees you either way. People keep a private room where they say things they would never say out loud, and they trust the walls. Living as though that room stands open changes what someone permits themselves to think in it, long before it changes anything they do.
Take account of yourself before you are taken to account: the searching gets done by you first
Al-Ghazali built a practice on this old saying, a short honest review at the end of each day. The point is not guilt but sight, since a fault already found loses its power to run a life from behind. People who keep this up stop being surprised by themselves, and nothing gets the years of quiet it needs to harden.