Citta: Heart
Citta names the knowing mind, which is what the heart God reads amounts to here. Solomon, hands spread toward heaven at the temple he has just finished, asks about the place conduct starts rather than conduct itself. The heart is the mind in the act of leaning toward something, and that leaning shapes everything the hands go on to do.
Cetanā: Intention
Cetanā is the volition that makes a deed a deed. Two men can carry the same offering up to that temple, one to be seen and one out of gratitude, and only a reader of hearts can tell their ways apart. Rendering according to all his ways has to mean the whole of an act, the aim inside it along with the shape it took.
Kammassakatā: Owning One's Deeds
Kammassakatā is the principle that beings inherit what they do. Rendering to every man according to his ways works like a harvest coming up from what he planted, each field yielding its own crop. Solomon asks God to do this accurately, and the accuracy is already built into the way deeds ripen.
Cetopariyañāṇa: Knowing Another's Mind
Cetopariyañāṇa is the capacity to encompass another mind and see its condition directly. "You, even you only, know the hearts" claims for God what the Pali texts treat as a rare attainment, likened to leaning over a bowl of clear water and seeing plainly whether your face is smudged. The prayer depends on it: a verdict on a heart is worth nothing unless the one giving it can see the heart.
Khamā: Forgiveness
Khamā is pardon asked for and granted between two parties, spoken aloud in the monks' practice. Solomon puts forgiving and rendering according to a man's ways in one breath, and both can stand: pardon settles the debt held between the parties, while the deed goes on ripening in the one who did it. Being forgiven lifts what is owed, and it leaves untouched the person his own actions have already made him.