Kodha: Anger
Kodha names anger at the moment it flares. Heat is what is burning here, and heat is the one thing that can still be brought down while it burns, so Moses speaks to it the way you would speak up about a fire in the house. He puts himself close enough to feel it, standing on the very ground where the people who made the calf had been standing.
Karuṇā: Compassion
Karuṇā is the heart's shaking at another's coming pain. Moses begs for people who, hours earlier, were dancing around a metal calf, and he asks nothing for himself in the begging. Compassion of this kind goes out to people as they are, faults and all, which is why it can reach a whole camp caught in the wrong.
Nissaraṇa: The way out
Nissaraṇa is escape, the door out of confinement. Moses builds his entire case on a door already opened: the great power and the mighty hand that carried this people out of Egypt. A way out that has been given is worth more than the failures of those still learning to walk through it, and he makes that the whole argument.
Khanti: Patient forbearance
Khanti is bearing provocation without striking back, called in the old teaching the highest austerity. Moses requests it on behalf of others, the harder direction, since he is asking that an insult be carried instead of answered. He puts it as a question rather than a defense, and a question buys the time forbearance needs.
Nibbuti: Cooling
Nibbuti is a fire going out, the image sitting inside the word for freedom. Moses wants the burning to die down, and a fire dies when nothing further is fed to it. Someone cooled in this way is called nibbuta, a word used of a person at peace and of a lamp that has gone out alike.