Balā': Testing
Balā' names hardship that arrives from love rather than anger. When something hard lands, the first instinct is to ask what went wrong or who is being punished, and that question sours everything after it. Hearing the same difficulty as care doesn't make it lighter, but it changes who a person thinks is standing on the other side of it.
Riyāḍat al-nafs: Training the self
Al-Ghazali's word for the hard inward work is training, the same word used for an athlete in the gym. Soreness during the work feels like plain damage, since strength only shows up long after the effort that built it. Someone in the middle sees the cost and nothing else. Calling that stretch training is what keeps the promise open while there's still nothing to show for it.
The chickpea complains to the cook: the heat is what turns it into food
Rumi tells of a chickpea leaping out of the boiling pot and the cook pushing it back down with a spoon. The complaint is honest, because from inside the pot, being cooked and being ruined feel exactly the same. Only the cook knows which one is happening, and trusting the cook is what makes the heat bearable.
Ṣabr: Steady endurance
Ṣabr means holding position without knowing when the pressure lifts. The wearing part is the stretch where nothing has improved and no end date is in sight. Most people manage a great deal with a finish line in view and very little without one. Ṣabr keeps a person standing through that middle, so months of work aren't dropped a week before they pay.
Riḍā: Contentment with how things went
Riḍā names the quiet that comes when a person stops fighting what already happened. The settling shows up late, usually once someone can see something in themselves that only the hard stretch built. The calm in it doesn't wait for an explanation or an apology. The arguing with what happened simply stops, and the person is steady again.