Kamma: Deeds that bear fruit
Kamma is intentional action ripening into its own kind of result. Sowing and reaping stand at either end of one process, and nobody expects barley from a handful of thistle seed; Israel has already plowed wickedness and carried home a harvest of injustice. "Sow to yourselves" puts the field inside your own life, so the crop on the table later is the seed in your hand now.
Mettā: Loving-kindness
Mettā is warm goodwill toward every living thing. "Reap according to kindness" sets the size of the harvest by the warmth in the hand that scattered the seed, since a field gives back the grain it was given. A people leaning on chariots and fortress walls will bring in hardness by the wagonload, while kindness sown through ordinary days brings in something you can live on.
Appamāda: Diligence
Appamāda is the steady care that keeps practice from sliding. Fallow ground is land once worked and then left alone until the top went hard and the weeds took it, which is what happens to a life that keeps its altars but stops attending to them. The plow has to break that crust before a single seed is worth scattering, and the labor is dull and repeated: the same field, turned over again.
Bhāvanā: Cultivation
Bhāvanā means developing, and the word comes straight off the farm. Nothing in a field arrives in one stroke: you clear, turn, sow, weed, and wait, and a mind answers to that same slow order. Righteousness gets grown here, one chore at a time, which is why the instruction reads like a season's work list rather than a vow spoken at Bethel.
Khaṇa: The opportune moment
Khaṇa is the narrow window when the work can be done. "It is time to seek Yahweh" carries the pressure any farmer knows, since seed goes in when the season allows and a week too late costs the whole year. The window stands open now and closes on its own schedule, so putting it off is already an answer.
Saddhā: Trust
Saddhā is confidence steady enough to act on before results show. Good grain goes into bare dirt weeks before any cloud appears, and committing the seed is the trust itself. "Rains righteousness on you" arrives on its own timing: no one summons a cloud, and the whole of your part is having the ground broken and sown when it finally opens.