Balāʾ: Hardship that arrives as a test
Balāʾ names trouble sent to test a person rather than to punish them. Someone in the middle of it usually assumes they have been forgotten, and that assumption often hurts more than the trouble. A person who reads the pressure as a question put to them stops carrying the extra weight of feeling dropped.
The most severely tested are the prophets, then those nearest to them: the load rises with nearness
A saying of the Prophet, repeated constantly by Sufis. Someone under long strain starts suspecting the strain is proof they were passed over. Knowing that the people closest to God walked the roughest road takes that suspicion apart, and the hardship stops looking like a verdict.
Ṣabr: Steady endurance
Ṣabr is holding steady while the hard thing goes on. al-Ghazali describes it as keeping the tongue, the body and the heart from breaking loose under strain. Most of enduring happens in the stretch where nothing has improved yet and the person keeps going anyway.
Ṣidq: Being the same all the way through
Ṣidq means the inside matching what a person claims out loud. Nobody knows how much of their patience is solid until something leans on it, and until then it stays a guess. Pressure shows a person the character they had been quietly building, which no easy season could have shown them.
If I worship you hoping for paradise, keep paradise from me: love that asks for no payment
Rabia of Basra prayed close to these words. Under a long trial, the promised reward can quietly become the only reason someone holds on, which turns the holding into a deal. Her prayer puts the love first again, so the person endures for the one who promised rather than for the prize.