Samphappalāpa: Idle talk
Idle talk is speech that leaves the hearer no better off than before. Vanity is its harvest here: comfortable assurances of peace handed to people whose city is already being measured for the siege works. Grain and chaff look much alike in the sack, and the difference only shows up when someone tries to make bread from it.
Papañca: The mind's proliferation
Papañca is the mind spinning out its own material until the product seems to arrive from somewhere else. A heart crowded with wishes, fear of the palace, and hope of a fee will manufacture a vision overnight, and by morning the thing has a voice attached to it. Calling into a canyon and taking the echo for an answer is the whole trouble.
Musāvāda: False speech
False speech is presenting as seen what one has not seen. The fracture lies at the point of origin rather than in the content: pleasant words can be perfectly pleasant and still carry a name that never uttered them. A forged seal still gets the letter opened and obeyed, which is why this kind of lie travels so far and does so much damage.
Micchā diṭṭhi: Wrong view
Wrong view is understanding bent at the root, so that everything built above it leans the same way. Words received as a message from God become the map people plan their lives by, and a people assured that all is well will make no turn and no repair. A compass off by two degrees still points with total confidence, and the error only becomes visible at the end of the journey.
Ehipassiko: Come and see
Ehipassiko is the mark of a teaching that invites testing instead of asking for trust up front. Stopping your ears to these prophets hands the work back to you: watch whether the word stands, whether the speaker's life matches his message, whether the promised thing ever arrives. Buying fruit at the market, you look at the fruit in your hand and not at how loudly the seller is calling.