Sacca: Truth
The opening word, amen, is rooted in a verb meaning "to be firm, reliable." In Theravāda, sacca names truthfulness as one of the ten pāramī, a quality the teacher must perfect before the teaching can carry weight. The solemn declaration functions as foundation: the words that follow can only land on the listener if the ground beneath them is solid. A teaching that begins with sacca is putting its full weight on what it is about to say.
Anicca: Impermanence
"Until heaven and earth pass away" is a statement of fact, and the most radical one imaginable. The Buddha's first mark of existence is anicca: everything that arises will cease, from a single breath to the full arc of the cosmos. Jesus takes the most permanent-seeming things his listeners could name, the sky and the ground itself, and places even those inside the category of what will not last. The verse uses the impermanence of the whole world as a measuring stick, and by doing so stands in complete agreement with the Theravāda view that no conditioned thing endures forever.
Dhamma: The cosmic order, the teaching
In Theravāda, dhamma names both the Buddha's teaching and the lawful order underlying all existence, the way things are when fully seen. The Buddha taught that dhamma is not invented by any teacher but uncovered: the truths hold whether or not a Buddha arises to proclaim them. Jesus frames the law (nomos) the same way, not as a cultural code subject to revision but as something that cannot dissolve because it names the shape of reality. "Not one stroke shall pass away" is the claim that the moral order is as factual as gravity.
Kamma: Intentional action and its fruit
"Not even one smallest letter or one tiny pen stroke" sets the precision of the moral order at the finest possible grain. Kamma holds that no intentional act is too small to carry weight: the causal chain runs down to the subtlest movement of mind, not only to dramatic deeds. This is accuracy, not severity. The law has letters and strokes; kamma has thoughts, words, and small choices, each one counting. The moral field has no bypass lane for the minor.
Sīla: Ethical training
Sīla is the first of the three trainings, the ground on which everything else is built. The law Jesus is defending is, at its core, a code of ethical conduct: how to treat others, what to say, how to act in community. Buddhist sīla functions the same way, a set of conditions that make a mind trainable and a community livable. To honor the law down to its smallest letter is to take that foundation seriously at full depth.